Case studies

Real cases, explained step by step

How some patients came to me, what we found, what treatment involved, and how they did afterwards. Shared to help other patients understand their condition.

Each case is shared with the patient’s written consent, with names and identifying details removed. Every eye is different: these cases explain what treatment can involve and do not promise the same result for anyone else.

Reading the vision numbers: 6/6 is normal distance vision; the bigger the second number, the weaker the vision (6/60 is very poor). N6 is normal reading-size print. Tap any scan to see it larger.

Retina surgeryMacular hole surgery

Macular holes in both eyes, repaired one month apart

60s · Male · 2024–2025

  1. PresentationBlurred and distorted central vision in both eyes. Straight lines looked bent, and faces and small print were hard to see.
  2. HistoryAged 63. Both eyes were affected.
  3. FindingsOCT scans showed a full-thickness macular hole in each eye, a small break in the centre of the retina. Vision was 6/36 in the right eye and 6/60 in the left.
  4. TreatmentVitrectomy surgery to close the hole, first in the right eye and one month later in the left.
  5. OutcomeWithin a month of each operation the holes had closed on OCT. Vision improved from 6/36 to 6/9 in the right eye and from 6/60 to 6/12 in the left.
OCT scans of the right eye showing a macular hole before surgery and a closed hole after surgery
Right eye: before surgery (top) and after (bottom)
OCT scans of the left eye showing a macular hole before surgery and a closed hole after surgery
Left eye: before surgery (top) and after (bottom)
What patients can learn from thisA macular hole can often be closed with surgery, and vision can improve a great deal, even when both eyes are affected. If your central vision becomes blurred or distorted, have your retina checked early.
Retina surgeryVitrectomy with membrane peel

Blurred vision after a successful cataract operation: an epiretinal membrane

60s · Female · 2024–2025

  1. PresentationVision in the right eye slowly became blurred a few months after cataract surgery.
  2. HistoryAged 68. Cataract surgery on the right eye in June 2024, after which vision was perfect (6/6 distance, N6 near).
  3. FindingsIn February 2025 vision had dropped to 6/12 and N8. An OCT scan showed an epiretinal membrane: a thin layer of scar tissue on the surface of the retina, wrinkling it and blurring vision.
  4. TreatmentPars plana vitrectomy with peeling of the membrane, February 2025.
  5. OutcomeBy April 2025 vision had returned to 6/6 and N6.
OCT scan of the right eye in June 2024 showing a normal macula after cataract surgery
June 2024: normal retina after cataract surgery
OCT scan of the right eye in February 2025 showing a thickened, wrinkled macula from an epiretinal membrane
February 2025: epiretinal membrane before surgery
OCT scan of the right eye in April 2025 showing a smoother macula after membrane peeling
April 2025: after membrane peel
What patients can learn from thisIf vision gets worse months after a good cataract operation, the cause may be in the retina rather than the new lens. An OCT scan can find it, and surgery can restore vision.

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